{"id":25,"date":"2010-08-06T18:42:33","date_gmt":"2010-08-07T01:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.sijie.me\/?p=25"},"modified":"2010-08-06T18:42:33","modified_gmt":"2010-08-07T01:42:33","slug":"%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-interaction-design-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.sijie.me\/?p=25","title":{"rendered":"\u7b14\u8bb0 \u2013 Interaction Design, (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 &#8211; \u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237<\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08cognition\uff09\uff1f<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Norman\u8bb2\u5b83\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08experiential cognition\uff09\u548c\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08reflective cognition\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee3\u8868\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e26\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u4f53\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u770b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7b49\uff1b\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u6df1\u5c42\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b\u522b\u5206\u7c7b\uff08\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u5230\u9ad8\u5c42\uff09\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff08attention\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\uff08perception and recognition\uff09\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08memory\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\uff08learning\uff09\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u8bf4\u548c\u542c\uff08reading\uff0cspeaking and listening\uff09\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\uff08problem solving, planning, reasoning and decision-making\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff1a\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u5219\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u4e00\u5219\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u3001\u989c\u8272\u3001\u52a8\u753b\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u5f15\u8d77\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u5145\u65a5\u8fc7\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u611f\u77e5\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u540e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4f53\u9a8c\uff08experience\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u56fe\u6807\u3001\u97f3\u6548\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u89e6\u89c9\u53cd\u9988\u7b49\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u5176\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u8fd0\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5f52\u7eb3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u6709\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u597d\u574f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b64\u540e\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u96be\u6613\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u5173\u8054\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u6839\u636e\u989c\u8272\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u56fe\u6807\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u4e00\u5219\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff08interpret\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53bb\u56de\u5fc6\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u95ed\u773c\u56de\u60f3\u5f53\u65f6\u60c5\u666f\u4ee5\u52aa\u529b\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u67d0\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u64c5\u957f\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56de\u5fc6\u3002George Miller\u76847\u00b12\u7406\u8bba\u5373\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b587\u00b12\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982Mac OS X\u7684\u641c\u7d22spotlight\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\u56de\u5fc6\u5982\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7b49\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5229\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56de\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u4ece\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3arecognition-based scanning\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5305\u62ec\u7167\u7247\u5728\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u2500\u2500\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7528\u8fb9\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a2\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u518d\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bfe\u672c\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ea4\u4e92\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\uff08dynalinking\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u4e92\u5c06\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u98df\u7269\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u8bf4\u548c\u542c<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u542c\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u719f\u6089\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7528\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5-\u9519\u8bef\uff08trial and error\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6599\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u9690\u85cf\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u51b3\u7b56\u7b49\u60c5\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<h3>\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\uff08mental model\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\uff08conceptual model\uff09\u80fd\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5f88\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u9690\u55bb\u6a21\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff08transparency\uff09\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\uff08theory of action\uff09\u2500\u2500\u7531Norman\u63d0\u51fa<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a7\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u786e\u7acb\u76ee\u6807\u2500\u2500\u660e\u786e\u884c\u52a8\u610f\u56fe\u2500\u2500\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u2500\u2500\u6267\u884c\u6539\u884c\u4e3a\u2500\u2500\u611f\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u2500\u2500\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u2500\u2500\u8bc4\u4f30\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u76d1\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u52a8\u6548\u679c\u7684\u754c\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u7406\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u754c\u9762\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8f85\u52a9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6df1\u6e0a\n<ul>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\uff08gulf of execution\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u96be\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08gulf of execution\uff09\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\uff08information processing\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5c06\u4eba\u8111\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u88c5\u7f6e\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\u2500\u2500\u7f16\u7801\u2500\u2500\u6bd4\u8f83\u2500\u2500\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u2500\u2500\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u9988\u2500\u2500\u4ea7\u751f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4ece\u63a5\u53d7\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u501f\u52a9\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u8f85\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8003\u8651\u665a\u996d\u8981\u5403\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5750\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u5165\u518d\u505a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6253\u5f00\u51b0\u7bb1\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u98df\u6750\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6269\u5c55\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08external cognition\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u8f85\u52a9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\uff08mental load\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bbe\u5907\u964d\u4f4e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u6ce8\uff08annotating\uff09\u548c\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff08cognitive tracing\uff09\u6765\u8f85\u52a9\u601d\u8003\u3002\u524d\u8005\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u5e02\u91c7\u8d2d\u65f6\u628a\u8d2d\u7269\u5355\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e70\u597d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5212\u53bb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u628a\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6251\u514b\u724c\u6309\u82b1\u8272\u3001\u70b9\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5206\u5e03\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08distributed cognition\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u6216\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u6574\u4f53\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u98de\u673a\u9a7e\u9a76\u8231\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u548c\u526f\u9a7e\u9a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 &#8211; \u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08cognition\uff09\uff1f Norman\u8bb2\u5b83\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08experiential cognition\uff09\u548c\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08reflective 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X\u7684\u641c\u7d22spotlight\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\u56de\u5fc6\u5982\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7b49\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5229\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56de\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u4ece\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3arecognition-based scanning\u3002 \u5305\u62ec\u7167\u7247\u5728\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002 \u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u2500\u2500\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7528\u8fb9\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a2\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u518d\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u653e\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bfe\u672c\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u4ea4\u4e92\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\uff08dynalinking\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u4e92\u5c06\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u98df\u7269\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u8bf4\u548c\u542c \u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u542c\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u51b3\u7b56\u3002 \u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u719f\u6089\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7528\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5-\u9519\u8bef\uff08trial and error\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6599\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u8bbe\u8ba1\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u9690\u85cf\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u51b3\u7b56\u7b49\u60c5\u666f\u3002 \u8ba4\u77e5\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c \u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\uff08mental model\uff09 \u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\uff08conceptual model\uff09\u80fd\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5f88\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u9690\u55bb\u6a21\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff08transparency\uff09\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\uff08theory of action\uff09\u2500\u2500\u7531Norman\u63d0\u51fa \u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a7\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u786e\u7acb\u76ee\u6807\u2500\u2500\u660e\u786e\u884c\u52a8\u610f\u56fe\u2500\u2500\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u2500\u2500\u6267\u884c\u6539\u884c\u4e3a\u2500\u2500\u611f\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u2500\u2500\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u2500\u2500\u8bc4\u4f30\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u76d1\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u52a8\u6548\u679c\u7684\u754c\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u7406\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u754c\u9762\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8f85\u52a9\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6df1\u6e0a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.sijie.me\/?p=25\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u7b14\u8bb0 \u2013 Interaction Design, (3)<\/span> <span 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