Don Norman at IIT Design Research Conference 2010 from IIT Institute of Design on Vimeo.

唐老爷子的讲话。

主题两个：研究与实际产品间的缺口，两种不同类型的创新。

Research-product gap

HCI学术界大多是充满创新精神的人，但这些研究者并不擅长制造可以商业化的产品，更缺乏对市场、制造业、物流等的知识。研究成果往往以发表文章、学术演讲的形式呈现。而工业界则需要可行的、具体的产出。这个缺口不好也不坏，只能说是天生如此。所以Norman提议应该在这两个领域间增加一个中间层──translational group，也就是能将学术创新与商业化产品结合起来的人。

Two types of innovation

两种创新：渐进性的和激进性的。

通常而言，激进性的创新是由科技发展驱动的。新的科技出现，然后思考其可能的应用领域，最后才是需求的出现。比如最早的人类并不真正需要厕所，反倒是厕所的出现导致了现在它的不可或缺。另一个例子就是福特的那句名言了。

而渐进性的创新一般就由UCD（user-centered design）驱动了。它能不断完善一个新创的产品，将其推到顶峰。

总体而言，一个产品（或产业）的发展是个二维坐标系，纵轴是技术的发展，横轴是这个产品“含义”的发展。比如计算机产业，技术发展推动了硬件、软件水平的前进，而设计上的创新则为其带来了新的应用，从最早的科研到现在的娱乐行业。

另一个例子是计算机的界面。最早的命令行界面，用的是离散的指令来处理离散的文件。图形界面和各种传感器的界面，虽然不必再记忆那么多指令而可以用菜单甚至手势取代，但本质上还是两个离散量。而Norman预言，我们将会用手势、身体语言等来进行连续性的操作。听起来挺抽象，我的理解是人机交互不再具有一个明确的目标，不再是以完成某个任务为导向，而是由智能化的环境无处不在、一刻不停地根据环境和人产生的信息来即时产生输出。

—-以下是笔记原文—-

Research-product gap

• First computer first telephone etc. were not from design innovation
• Design research doesn’t lead to new product categories
• Technology first, application next, needs last: there was no fundamental need for indoor toilet, but now it is.
• Creative minds in technology, design ,science: Ideas first, justification later
• Who is the audience for design research (esp. human-centered design): end user? store? distributer? Engineers, programmers, marketing, sales.
• There is a gulf between the product and the research
  • Research output: publications, conference talks. Manufacturing, marketing, etc. are absent
  • Company product wants practical results, specifics, its output is shippable products
• Steve Jobs fired usability people and designers at his return, just kept some graphics designers, but led to better products
• Researchers are good at creativity but not producing reliable shippable products
• The gap is not bad nor good, but fundamental
• The need of a group between research and product – the translational engineering

Two types of innovation

• Radical innovation

• Incremental innovation
  • what human-centered design does
  • Technology drives innovation – the y dimension, meaning changes driven by design – the x dimension: e.g. Swiss mechanical watch and Japanese electronic watch and swatch; computers shifts from for work to for entertainment